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[¿µ¹®ÀÚ·á] Capture and Execution of Mussolini
Mussolini spent his last 7 days in power in Milan, which was the site of his rise to power. Then on April 20, 1945, he disbanded his government offices. On April 21, Bologna was captured by the Allied troops and the Fascist chief Arpinati was slain. Duce's staff and friends tried to persuade Duce to flee to Spain but he refused to leave his country. On April 25th, they left Milan in a convoy headed for the lakes near Como with their desitnation as Valtelline. The column consisted of some cars and German armored cars, followed by Clara Petacci and her family. At Como, they discussed htier options over supper. Duce wrote the last letter to his wife, Rachele, urging here to flee to Switzerland. On April 27th, Pavolini went on ahead of his troops and reached Mussolini. Accompanying him were Angela Curti, the former mistress of Mussolini. At the same time a German anti-aircraft unit, commanded by Lt. Fallmeyer, arrived in Menaggio headed for Tyrol. Duce decided once more to seek refuge with his German ally and head north--only to escape capture, not to leave Italy.
At 7am, they reached Masso, where the partisans had blocked the road. Lt. Fallmeyer went to negotiate with the partisan commander, Count Pierluigi Bellini delle Stelle ('Pedro') of the 52nd Garibaldi Brigade. The partisans agreed to allow the Germans to pass but not the Italians.
The Germans persuaded Mussolini to don a German greatcoat and helmet and hide out in the back of a truck. The German column left at 3:00 with Mussolini now all alone. It was stopped at Dongo and searched. Il Duce was easy to find, either because he still wore general's riding pants with a red stripe or information was leaked to the partisan band. Later, Clara Petacci and her brother, Marcello, were captured, but Clara's identity wasn't detected.
The partisan Liberation Committee was informed of the Duce's capture. Immediate orders were given for fair treatment of the prisoners with strict orders not to shoot them even if they attempted escape. By 1:30am on Saturday the 28th, Count Bellini tried to transport his captors back to the Como area. Duce was once wrapped in bandages to disguise him as a wounded partisan.
On April 28, Colonel Valerio broke into the room where Mussolini and Clara had been resting. Valerio told them he had come to rescue them. They hurried to the awaiting car. They drove about a mile away and stopped near gate to the Villa Belmonte. They were ordered to get out of the car and stand next to the stone wall. Machine guns were raised and both were shot. A guard was placed over their bodies, and Valerio drove back to Dongo, where he rounded up the remainder of the 15 prisoners selected for execution from the list. They were hurriedly brought out to the square and given 3 minutes for the ministrations of a priest. They were shot down by a partisan firing squad. Marcello Petacci was also shot while trying to escape by jumping into Lake Como. At first, the partisans mistakenly thought Marcello was Vittorio Mussolini, the son of Il Duce.
On April 29th, the bodies were brought to the Piazzale Loreto in Milan. There, six of the corpses were hung by their feet from a girder of an Esso gas station. These included: Benito Mussolini, Clara Petacci, Francesco Barracu, Alessandro Pavolini, Fernando Mezzasomma and Paolo Zerbino. To the pile of bodies lying beneath them was added Archille Starace, who had just been captured and summarily executed on the spot. The crowd vented their anger on the corpses. When they got out of hand, the police turned on water hoses to control the situation*. The Allies ordered the bodies removed for burial.
* This incident is based on my Dad's eye witness account of what he saw when he arrived at Milan.
References: 'One Afternoon At Mezzegra: The Story of Mussolini's Death'- - by Peter Whittle, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1969. 'After the Battle', issue No. 7, article 'The Last Days of Mussolini', 1975.
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