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Opinion: Exposing North Korea
Abraham Cooper
Associate Dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center
Thursday, March 31, 2005; 2:00 p.m. ET
People often speak loudest with their feet. As floods of refugees pour out of North Korea every year, many wonder about the country's conditions and what can be done to change them.
Abraham Cooper, associate dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center and member of the North Korean Freedom Coalition, works with defectors to learn about North Korea's human rights abuses. He will be live online at 2:00 ET on Thursday, March 31, to discuss his March 26 oped, Toxic Indifference to North Korea.
Submit your questions and comments before or during the discussion.
Editor's Note: washingtonpost.com moderators retain editorial control over Live Online discussions and choose the most relevant questions for guests and hosts; guests and hosts can decline to answer questions.
Washington, D.C.: How did you get involved in North Korean human rights?
Abraham Cooper: I was in Europe last year when I heard reports that a BBC documentary crew had found evidence of this program. The Wiesenthal Center then convened a 'Conference of Conscience' at the Museum of Tolerance on the North Korean Human Rights situation and then with the guidance and assistance of Christian activists in Washington and Seoul I travelled to South Korea. Obviously, representing an institution devoted to learning the lessons of the Nazi Holocaust, we have an obligation to sound the alarm on such atrocities.
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Alexandria, Va. : Have you actually been to North Korea? Or just South
Korea? Could you explain why it is that it seems that South Koreans are
loathe to act for their neighbors?
Abraham Cooper: I have not yet been to North Korea. Many South Koreans so fear possible attack from the North, they will do just about anything to appease the dictatorship there. Others deeply desire reunification of the two Koreas and are willing to overlook the day-to-day suffering of North Korean citizens in the hope of being about a rapproachment. Still others view the United States, not North Korea as the root of the ongoing crisis. The current government shows little inclination to highlight these atrocities in the international court of world opinion.
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Washington, D.C.: What are steps we (as average citizens)can take to change the North Korean regime?
Abraham Cooper: I believe that people of good will living in democracies need to urge their governments to add the plight of North Korean citizens and the crimes against humanity they have suffered on the front burner of the International Community's agenda. This issue shoulkd be included in any bilateral and multilateral talks with North Korean regime and must also be raised by companies seeking to do business there. A good place to start is with your Senators, members of Congress and Secy Rice.
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Fairfax, Va.: Why do you think this Administration has received so little criticism for failing to prevent North Korea from building multiple nuclear weapons? If this had happened under the previous democratic administration there would have been an uproar and even demands for impeachment for endangering the American people's safety.
Abraham Cooper: Both the current and previous administration have made
strong efforts to wean North Korea away from their reckless endangerment of the region and to date have little to show for it. It is clear that a multilateral effort, especially including China, is the framework that needs to be pursued, BUT THE CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY PERPETRATED AGAINST THE CITIZENS OF NORTH KOREA MUST BE ADDED TO THAT AGENDA.
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Austin, Tx. : Would you be allowed to travel there if you wanted to go?
Abraham Cooper: At this time it would be unlikely that I would receive
permission to travel to North Korea, but the key issue here is, how do
collect information on the crimes committed against the people of North
Korea by this regime. At this point in time, the focus should be on trying to debrief defectors and refugees who have succeeded in fleeing the country.
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Washington, D.C.: Isn't human rights situation a matter of internal policy? It is a sovereign country and outside interference is infringing on that very sovereignty of a nation-state to govern its subject.
Abraham Cooper: Human Rights is first and foremost an internal matter.
However, when there are crimes against humanity committed as in Cambodia in the 70s, Rwanda in the 90s, etc, the International Community has the moral obligation and the legal tools to act. The question always boils down to whether the political will exist.
In addition, in the case of North Korea, the gassings of political prisoners appear to also be part of the regime's long range efforts to perfect WMDs with the results of these horrors carefully monitored by scientists. At a time when this regime has the missile capability of delivering a deadly, catastrophic payload thousands of miles away, or selling the stuff to terrorist states, it is clear that this human rights debacle demands international intervention.
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San Francisco, Ca.: It seems there is a great deal of pressure on the Bush administration -- from our South Korean allies, from the Chinese, from certain quarters domestically -- to take steps toward placating Pyongyang, whether by offering economic incentives or security guarantees. It seems clear that your strategy -- that of naming and shaming -- would be seen as more provocative than accommodating by a very thin-skinned North Korean government (recall their characterization of John Bolton as "human scum and bloodsucker" after he criticized the human rights situation in the North). What reason do you have to believe that confronting the regime would be more effective than placating it?
Abraham Cooper: Placating evil never works. They tried it with Hitler in the 1930s and Humanity paid heavily. More recently experts told Sakharov and Sharansky to wait for Nuclear Disarmament before pushing for Human Rights. Thank God they and their supporters in the West didn't listen. In the end, it was Human Rights that helped to peacefully implode the Soviet Union and the Iron Curtain. Why shouldn't we follow their example on behalf of this long-suffering people?
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Munich, Germany: How would you compare North Korea with Nazi Germany in its quest to develop and perfect mass murder via gassing? Nazi Germany was looking to rule the world and had a good crack at succeeding, whereas North Korea is at best an isolated, oddball country, which relies on China for survival (even nuclear weapons won't change that).
Mustard gas has been around for almost a century, and if Iraq could develop and use chemical weapons without such gassing experiments, surely North Korea can as well. Are these exterminations perhaps part of a diabolical psychology of terror against dissidents in North Korea?
Abraham Cooper: According to the defectors I spoke with, there are multiple reasons for these horrific atrocities. First to help silence any potential dissent. Secondly, to fine tune and upgrade their weapons programs and third to have the necessary 'chips' in hand to stay in power...
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San Francisco, Ca.: I will preface this by saying that I am in complete
agreement with you -- I don't believe that the character of the DPRK regime makes accommodation viable. To play the devil's advocate a bit, though, one might argue that confrontation carries an inherent risk of war -- with your examples of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, we're batting .500 on global conflagration. Knowing that the North possesses nuclear weapons, then, are the potential gains from pressuring Pyongyang -- 'implosion', as you say, and a clear conscience -- worth the risk of nuclear war?
Abraham Cooper: First who is to say if the civilized world had confronted Hitler in 35, 36, or even 1938 that History would have played out differently? Hitler correctly read his European counterparts as divided, weak, and in some cases downright appeasers. I am not an expert on the psychology of tyrants but one thing is for sure, this tyrant has one agenda, staying alive and staying in power. Beyond that one person, isn't it about time to send that entire regime a message that those involved in crimes against humanity, wherever it takes place--can and will be held accountable before the bar of justice? That message alone may lead to some immediate behavioral change without necessarily leading to immediate regime change!
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Washington, D.C.: This seems to be far more of an economic issue than anything. I think most understand how corrupt the regime is and the need for it to collapse. But who would be willing to step up to the plate to subsidize the country? South Korea clearly wants no part in it. There's no sunshine in anyone's policy anymore. No one wants to deal with the aftermath of a broken North Korea.
Abraham Cooper: I agree with your basic premise. And it is important to
acknowledge the special position that South Korea has vis a vis the people and regime to their north. But the dangers and challenges that the North Korean regime pose demand a concerted effort involving her neighbors, regional powers and the international community.
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Alexandria, Va.: Just how do North Koreans get out of their country? I thought the borders were incredibly tight.
Abraham Cooper: please check with the North Korean Freedom Coalition in
Washington for details related to your thoughtful question
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Louisville, Ky.: How do most refugees escape? Can you tell us more about how people are even able to get out of the country? And what do they do after they leave?
Abraham Cooper: please check with the North Korean freedom Coalition in
Washington for information related to your thoughtful question
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