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Thank you for the opportunity to discuss the issue of humanitarian aid to North Korea. We understand that you need to keep your identity hidden but we appreciate your willingness to do this interview.
1. How did you come to be involved in providing humanitarian aid to North Korea?
As a volunteer, with a humanitarian organization.
2. Would you consider yourself someone who is very knowledgeable about what happens in North Korea regarding humanitarian assistance? Why (describe your background)
With 14 years of involvement, I consider myself to be moderately experienced and knowledgeable in the hands-on work of providing humanitarian assistance to North Korea. The primary limitation to my in-country experience is the time limits imposed on my own and my associate¡¯s presence in the country.
Perhaps most pertinent to the question of my knowledge is the fact that I have extensive experience in face-to-face interaction with NK ¡°defectors¡± and with those who care for them. I spend time with them, primarily, in the border areas of China.
These defectors include male and female and second hand, frequently collaborated, testimony of these people to be my most important, accurate and useful source of information. Furthermore, it is these individuals, (most of whom have family remaining in the country), who express opinions and present perspectives and facts which are extremely informed and offered in the best interests of the majority of the NK population. My knowledge and perspectives are further informed by my years of involvement in global humanitarian assistance.
3. Right now there is a very strong push to start food aid again, what are your views on this?
I am strongly opposed to providing commodity (principally corn and rice) food aid to NK at this time. Exceptions are high nutrition and therapeutic supplements and other such food items for children, the elderly, pregnant and nursing mothers. I strongly believe that, regardless of our best efforts to monitor, the vast majority of commodity food aid will be diverted to others than the agreed upon recipients i.e. the most in need. My opinion is based upon my own experience and that of others, as well as the knowledge gained from interviewing a wide variety of defectors.
For example, one such interviewee described his NK government job of ¡°retrieving¡± food from locations, earlier ¡°monitored¡±, and redistributing it to the military. He described this as a ¡°common occurrence¡±. Monitors, without actually ¡°occupying¡± a location, simply cannot prevent such activities nor, in an atmosphere of trust, should they find it necessary to do so.
Another military officer described the painting over, the camouflaging, of military trucks to disguise them at the seaport where they were loaded with bags of rice in the presence of monitors. I myself recall the incident of a ¡°lost¡± container of soybeans which we had purchased in China for delivery to a soy milk plant in Pyongyang.
I could further describe numerous additional defector testimonies detailing the diversion of food aid. Of great significance at this time, are the current political, military and economic conditions which compel and make more urgent the government¡¯s necessity to divert food aid. The central government¡¯s need for cash (via monetized food and preserving the cash necessary to procure food), the military¡¯s need for food and cash and the regime¡¯s mandate to stockpile food (described to me by a defector) leading up to the promised day of North Korea becoming a ¡°strong and prosperous nation in 2012¡±.
Finally, but no doubt most important, is that regime survival is the central stimulus to these motivations and drives the government¡¯s efforts to divert food away from those most in need yet least able to contribute to sustaining the regime and contribute to the achievement of national objectives.
Rural children and their families, the elderly, the disabled and young mothers are included in this group.
An essential prerequisite to providing humanitarian assistance, and specially bulk food, is mutual trust and a clearly agreed upon beneficiary. In spite of words, agreements, promises and all appearances, this essential prerequisite is simply not achievable with this government.
Combine this fact with the lessons learned from the quite recently failed efforts to successfully provide large scale food assistance, and one can only conclude that there should be no commodity food assistance at this time. Add to this the fact that there appears to be more reasons now than there were three years ago to expect a very poor outcome. This issue of trust, and the absence thereof, simply overwhelms all other considerations.
I wish to point out, however, that regardless of our experiences with the government authorities with whom we as providers of aid must negotiate and interact, the administrators and caregivers, at hospitals, clinics, commune farms, orphanages, schools etc¡¦demonstrate great compassion and a strong commitment to the welfare of those they serve. Their work is carried out, with great dedication, in generally inadequate conditions and facilities.
Finally, as a humanitarian worker who has many times, witnessed the devastating and unnecessary suffering of the people of North Korea, I reluctantly and with sorrow, recommend that commodity food aid be withheld at this time. Aid which in spite of the best efforts to assure otherwise, would, overwhelmingly, be diverted to the support of a regime which is ultimately responsible for the great suffering of the vast majority of its citizens.
4. At a conference in Washington held last month on November 15th at the US Korea Institute at SAIS, a representative from World Vision stated that when Mercy Corps and World Vision were in the country from 2008 to 2009 that they were able to monitor the distribution of food aid and that the monitoring implemented met international standards. Based on this and the current food situation in North Korea, they are calling for a resumption of aid to North Korea. Do you believe that monitoring has met international standards and that these groups are able to prevent diversion of aid?
No. Due to severely restricted access, I do not believe that monitoring to date has met international standards nor is it possible to realize in the current environment.
5. Do you have any expectation that the situation will change with the succession of KIM Jong Un to power in North Korea?
NO, military is pulling the strings and has control. The "military first policy" will take precedent especially during this period of transition. We should not rush to engage particularly out of fear. We should not go ahead with a gesture of food aid now because there will be a shakeout in North Korea. I still believe in narrowly defined food aid for a very specific purpose such as helping infants. But we should not provide corn, wheat, flour rice, soybeans especially now. I am proud of the stance that the United States is taking and we are not confusing security issues with starving people. That is an unfair criticism of U.S. policy.
6. What do you think is the ultimate solution to the food problem in North Korea?
The ultimate and only solution to the food problem is a change of the regime.
7. What recommendations do you have to help the people of North Korea?
Do nothing that will unintentionally support and sustain the current regime. Providing bulk commodity (most importantly rice and corn) food assistance will do that.
8. Would you like to add any additional comments?
Final observations.
Reflecting on my past experiences of providing commodity food aid to North Korea, we were never confident that our counterparts with whom we daily worked, were genuinely seeking to serve the nutritional needs of the same category of individuals as ourselves and as earlier agreed to in our Memos Of Understanding (MOU). I can best describe our efforts to monitor as a cat and mouse game. A game which was very hard to play, emotionally exhausting and highly unsatisfactory. Nor until I began spending extensive time with the defectors on the border was I able to confirm my deepest suspicions. Finally, at no time during my interviews has a defector ever advocated bulk food aid. Quite to the contrary.
Regarding the current debate about resuming food aid, perhaps the following quotation says it best:
¡°Insanity is doing the same thing over and over and expecting a different result.¡± – Albert Einstein.