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Kim's Fantasyland Festival
By DONALD KIRK
October 21, 2005
PYONGYANG -- It's difficult to know whether to laugh or weep over the images of what may rank as the world's most bizarre theatrical spectacle. Here in the giant May Day stadium every night in recent weeks, some 50,000 young people have been flaunting flash cards in the grandstand while another 15,000 prance and dance on the turf. They have been enacting visions of North Korea's past, present and future sadly at variance not only with the images of darkened streets and empty highways that any visitor can see -- but, far more importantly, with the disease and hunger that have killed more than two million people over the past decade and the imprisonment and torture inflicted on many thousands more.
The occasion is the Arirang festival, an annual extravaganza that assumes special importance this month 60 years after the founding of the Korean Workers' Party. That's the ruling party which -- although Pyongyang's propaganda is fond of portraying it as a symbol of Korean nationalism -- was set up with Soviet aid and advice by the late Kim Il Sung in 1945, after he spent much of World War II under Soviet care in eastern Siberia. So proud is Kim Il Sung's son and heir, Kim Jong Il, of the whole show that he's authorized hundreds of foreigners to come here on group tours of several days -- and thousands of South Koreans to fly up on overnight visits.
Given the massive personality cult that lies at the heart of the North Korean regime, it comes as no surprise to see the festival venerate Kim Il Sung as a God-like figure. Tour guides, asked if they believe in God, insist the late leader is their God. Far more alarming: was the festival's emphasis on the military, which has for years ranked far ahead of the Workers' Party as the main pillar underpinning Kim's dictatorship. Songs hail the glory of an "army-first policy" while soldiers, bayonets drawn, parade to shouts of "Military and the People."
Most startling of all: the picture the festival seeks to portray of happy, full lives, joyous people, burgeoning agriculture and industry -- all glorified in grating song and dance on the playing field, flash cards changing scenes so fast that it's impossible to keep track of all the wonderful things supposedly happening in North Korea. Heartened that "our warriors are everywhere," smiling kids appear in giant caricature thanking "Comrade Kim" for their "happy childhood" as they gambol on beaches. Quickly the flashcards switch to tractors in verdant fields, then to water gushing over dams, generating hydroelectric power, as flowers boom, dancers leap in funky guise as bunny rabbits, chickens and pumpkins, and slogans in Korean flash across the stand, "Two Harvests a Year" and "Let's Produce More Eggs and Chickens."
The show covers all bases. The IT revolution? "The Era of Informatics is at hand," say the cards in large Korean lettering, urging "production based on informatics" and "technical skills." Finally, the show gets to the point -- the narrator bemoans national division against a background of a map of one Korea, proclaiming Kim Il Sung's dying wish for unification. Dancers form another map of Korea, a train roars from Sinuiju on the Yalu River to the South Korean port of Pusan as peace doves soar. Hundreds of South Koreans -- a few born in North Korea and visiting for a sentimental look, but many more from leftist groups committed to whatever North Korea cares to feed them -- madly wave paper unification flags, pale blue on a white field.
Interestingly, for all Pyongyang's nasty rhetoric, there are none of the anti-American slogans that I saw on my last visit 10 years ago. Nor is there any mention of the word "nuclear," let alone the warheads that the North says it's got a right to possess, or the nuclear reactor it's demanding as a prerequisite for giving them up. Nothing if not a skilled propagandist, Kim Jong Il's clearly smart enough to realize that anti-American tirades and threats of nuclear war would undermine the fantasyland image the show is seeking to portray, in an effort to seduce South Koreans into embracing the North's agenda for "peaceful reunification."
But you don't have to stray far from the stadium to see hints of the real North Korea -- even on such a closely chaperoned tour. The soaring triangular-shaped hotel that I saw under construction in Pyongyang 10 years ago is still not completed due to an engineering glitch -- and no one expects North Korea to come up with the hard cash needed to finish the job safely. The streets are still mostly empty -- and deserted at night. Those few lights that do glimmer have clearly been turned on specially for the festival, and will doubtless fade to black as soon as it ends.
Perhaps the biggest surprise is that the 110-mile highway to Kaesong, an ancient capital near the frontier at Panmunjom, has deteriorated since I went down the same road in 1995. It seemed rather impressive then, consisting of four lanes and more than 20 tunnels. But today it serves as a symbol of North Korea's economic collapse, rough and riddled with recently filled potholes. Visitors debate how many vehicles they see on the way. Was that three dilapidated buses -- or four? One truck or two? Glimpses from the window afford a vision of oxen pulling occasional carts, men and women hacking away with well-worn implements. I see a single piece of mechanized farm equipment surrounded by soldiers. At Kaesong, one strains for a glimpse of the vaunted industrial zone the South Koreans are building for their northern brothers. A few small factories are visible -- a project that seems trivial when matched against the huge complexes south of the line. Nearby, workers labor on a single-track North-South rail link, the first since the Korean War, and long delayed by North Korean negotiating tactics.
Further afield, lines of hills stripped of trees by North Koreans desperate for anything to keep themselves warm offers a hint of the daily battle for survival in Kim's giant gulag. But it's impossible to gauge the full extent of the suffering that his regime continues to inflict on its long-suffering people in a land where vast areas remain off limits to foreign visitors.
You'll find no answers in Pyongyang, whose two million residents have been specially selected for their loyalty to the Kim dynasty. We get an insight into the levers of power, though, as 20 or 30 army trucks lumber by near the thatched childhood home of Kim Il Sung, a standard stop on the first day of any tour of the capital. They're laden with boxes of "Arirang" TV sets -- parts made in Japan, assembled here, the gifts of Kim Jong Il, we're told, for soldiers who worked so hard to make the festival a success.
Mr. Kirk is a Seoul-based journalist.
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