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http://nkgenocide.net
U.S. Files Charges
In North Korean
Counterfeit Probe
By JAY SOLOMON
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
October 12, 2005; Page A3
WASHINGTON -- In the latest move to break up North Korea's global criminal activities, the Justice Department indicted a leading member of an Irish Republican Army splinter group on charges of conspiring with Pyongyang to put millions of dollars of counterfeit U.S. currency into circulation in Eastern Europe and the United Kingdom.
The indictment of 71-year-old Sean Garland -- along with six alleged accomplices -- marks the first time the U.S. has formally cited North Korea in a U.S. court for allegedly mass-producing counterfeit $100 bills, known as Supernotes. U.S. law-enforcement officials said Mr. Garland's arrest Friday in Belfast, Northern Ireland, marks the latest in a growing effort to stop North Korea's vast range of alleged criminal activities, including making and distributing counterfeit brand-name cigarettes and heroin.
These moves come at a sensitive time in U.S.-North Korean relations, as Washington engages in negotiations to force Pyongyang to disband its nuclear-weapons program. But U.S. officials say their policy is multipronged: supporting nonproliferation efforts while holding Pyongyang to international standards on human rights and crime.
"How can we expect North Korea to act like a normal country if we don't treat them like one?" said one U.S. official involved in the North Korea investigations. "A country can't negotiate with you while also counterfeiting your currency."
Last month, the Treasury Department formally charged a Macau-based bank, Banco Delta Asia, with laundering funds from North Korea's smuggling network, a charge the bank denies. And in August, U.S. law-enforcement officials in New Jersey and Los Angeles arrested nearly 100 Asia-based gang members for allegedly smuggling North Korean-made counterfeit cigarettes and pharmaceuticals, as well as Supernotes, into the U.S.
U.S. Secret Service agents and Taiwanese officials also seized more than $2 million of counterfeit Supernotes going into Taiwan in August; U.S. officials believe the notes were produced in North Korea.
"This is hardly the end of our operations" against the North Koreans, said a senior U.S. law-enforcement official involved in Mr. Garland's arrest. "But it's a sign of the global dimensions" of Pyongyang's illegal businesses.
Mr. Garland is the president of the Irish Worker's Party, which U.S. officials charge in the indictment is the political arm of the banned Official Irish Republican Army. The OIRA split from the IRA in the late 1960s, according to the document, and is viewed as the most radical of its offshoots. It also has espoused a Marxist ideology similar to that promoted by North Korea and its leader, Kim Jong Il.
According to U.S. law-enforcement officials, Mr. Garland was arrested in a hotel lobby in Belfast late Friday afternoon in an operation conducted by the Secret Service, the Northern Ireland police and agents from the U.K. National Crime Squad. A court-appointed attorney for Mr. Garland pleaded not guilty for his client, who was granted bail, according to U.S. officials and Irish news reports. The Justice Department is seeking to extradite Mr. Garland, along with the six other men charged, to the U.S. for trial within the next 65 days. Mr. Garland couldn't be reached for comment, but in a 2004 letter to Ireland's Sunday Independent newspaper, he called previous allegations of his involvement in counterfeiting "gross slanders and lies."
The Secret Service's investigation into Mr. Garland and others goes back more than 15 years, according to U.S. officials and court documents, and began after Supernotes appeared in Europe and parts of Asia. From early in its probe, U.S. investigators received intelligence that North Korea was among the principal producers of the faked currency and was distributing it globally, using its embassies and diplomatic pouches. A number of North Korean diplomats have been arrested in Africa and Europe in the past decade for trafficking contraband, ranging from heroin to rhinoceros horns.
"Quantities of the Supernotes were manufactured in, and under the auspices of the government of the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea," reads Mr. Garland's indictment, which was unsealed after his arrest on Friday. "Individuals, including North Korean nationals acting as ostensible government officials, engaged in the world-wide transportation, delivery and sale of quantities of Supernotes."
Among these non-North Korean agents, according to the indictment, was Mr. Garland. A folk hero revered in IRA songs, Mr. Garland is a Dublin-based businessman and politician who traveled extensively throughout Eastern Europe and Russia in his role as the Worker's Party president, according to the indictment. He also was the managing director of a business-consulting company, GKG Communications International Ltd.
During these trips, Mr. Garland would frequently meet with North Korean diplomats and intelligence agents, according to the indictment and U.S. officials. And in one case in October 1997, Mr. Garland visited Warsaw to arrange "for the purchase of a quantity of Supernotes" from North Korean agents. He also met regularly with North Korean agents in Moscow and parts of the former Soviet Union such as Minsk, Belarus.
These meetings led to the growing introduction of Supernotes into Eastern Europe and the U.K., according to the indictment. Much of the faked currency would be carried into the U.K. from Ireland by ferry, "because the passengers did not undergo security checks," says the indictment.
A key break for U.S. investigators came in 2002, when a U.K. court convicted three of the men charged in the Justice Department's indictment with trafficking counterfeit dollars. Among these men was David Levin, a Russian national, who U.S. officials believe was part of the KGB. These men are described in the indictment as constantly moving the faked currency into the U.K. from Moscow, even though the source of the Supernotes is believed to be North Korea.
The indictment says Mr. Garland and the six other defendants tried to protect the North Koreans by "falsely letting other conspirators believe the source of the Supernotes was in Russia."
U.S. officials say the move against Mr. Garland is part of a covert Bush administration operation, called the Illicit Activities Initiative, which began in 2002. This interagency action includes members of the Central Intelligence Agency, Pentagon, State Department and Federal Bureau of Investigation. Its chief goal is to stop the flow of funds that Washington believes are allowing Pyongyang to continue developing its nuclear-weapons program.
Write to Jay Solomon at jay.solomon@wsj.com
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